What does the Clean Water Act require regarding surface water?

The Clean Water Act is a pivotal piece of legislation that establishes the structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the United States. The correct choice highlights one of its key requirements: the necessity for metals and other harmful substances to be removed from waste before it can be discharged into surface waters. This requirement is aimed at minimizing water pollution and protecting water quality, thereby safeguarding aquatic ecosystems and public health.

The Clean Water Act sets limits on the types and amounts of pollutants that can be released into water bodies, emphasizing the importance of treating wastewater to reduce harmful contaminants, including metals. This ensures that both surface waters and the aquatic life they support are protected from toxic substances that can cause serious environmental damage.

In contrast, other options do not accurately reflect the purpose and requirements of the Clean Water Act. The legislation does not prohibit all commercial activities or impose a tax on water pollution, nor does it encourage recreational use of polluted waters. Instead, its focus is on reducing pollution and improving water quality through regulation and enforcement.